Geography of India

Location of India : 20 00 N, 77 00 E
Continent : Asia
Time Zone : GMT + 05:30 Hours

India, the seventh largest country in the world, occupies 2.4% of the world's land area. The geographical features of the country is extremely diverse. It has landscape of snow-capped mountain ranges, deserts, plains, hills and plateaus. The climate also has a diversification. It is equatorial in the extreme south and tundra in the Himalayan altitudes. The complete geographical details are as given below:

Region	South Asia (also known as Indian subcontinent), bordering Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan.
Area	3,287,590 square kms.
Area Classification	90.44% land.
Coastline	7,516 km
Borders	Total - 14,103 km Bangladesh - 4,053 km Bhutan - 605 km Burma (Myanmar) - 1,463 km China - 3,380 km Nepal - 1,690 km Pakistan - 2,912 km
Highest Point	Kanchenjunga (8,598 m or 28,209 ft)
Lowest Point	Kuttanad (-2.2 m or -7.2 ft)
Longest River	Ganges-Brahmaputra
Largest Lake	Chilka Lake
No. of States	28
No. of Union Territories	7
No. of Districts	600
No. of Villages	6.4 lakhs

Physical Features
The mainland comprise of four zones:-

• The great mountain zone;
• Plains of the Ganga & Indus;
• The desert region and
• The Southern Peninsula

Geological Structure
The geological regions may be grouped into three regions:-

• The Himalayas & their associated group of mountains
• The Indo Ganga Plain
• The Peninsular Shield

Rivers

• Himalayan Rivers
• Peninsula Rivers
• Coastal Rivers
• Rivers of inland drainage basis

Extreme Points of India

Northernmost Point	Siachen Glacier near Karakoram Pass in Jammu and Kashmir.
Southernmost Point	Indira Point, Great Nicobar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari), Tamil Nadu in Mainland India.
Westernmost Point	West of Ghaur Mota in Gujarat.
Easternmost Point	Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh.

Climate

• Mainly tropical with temperature ranging between 10 to 40 C in most parts of the country
• Humid subtropical in Ganges basis
• Semi-arid in North West
• Tropical humid in north east & most of peninsula
• Tundra in Himalayas
• All areas receive annual monsoon rainfall with the south-west monsoon dominating

Seasons

• Winter (January-February)
• Hot weather Summer (March-May)
• Rainy South-Western monsoon (June-September)- Post monsoon also known as north-east monsoon in the southern peninsula (October-December)

Natural Vegetation
The Himalayan region is very rich in natural vegetation. It possess varieties which are found from the tropical to tundra regions. But, the altitude influences the vegetation distribution. In the rest of the country, amount of rainfall determines the type of vegetation. The country, leaving Himalayan region, can be divided in the following three major vegetation:

• The tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests.
• The tropical deciduous forests.
• The thorn forests and shrubs.

Natural Resources

• Coal (4th largest reserves in the world)
• Iron ore
• Manganese
• Mica
• Bauxite
• Titanium ore
• Chromite
• Natural gas
• Diamonds
• Petroleum
• Limestone
• Arable land

Countries Having Common Boundaries with India

• Afghanistan & Pakistan to North West
• China, Bhutan & Nepal to North
• Mayanmar to East · Bangladesh to East of West Bengal
• Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by Palk Strait & Gulf of Mayanmar.

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